Autism Spectrum Disorders

Chemical imbalance Spectrum Disorders has in the past represented a few difficulties to mankind as to tending to the situation of the victimsâ â . This issue is a reason for serious inescapable method of reasoning weakness, singular emotions, language issues and an unfriendly relationship to different people.This issue is basically analyzed at the beginning periods in youth and advances all through the remainder of the life of the influenced person. It is a mind boggling handicap in the formative phases of an individual realized by neurological confusion with extreme consequences for the typical cerebrum functioning.The ordinary mental health is affected explicitly concerning the regions answerable for social connection just as relational abilities. This is a genuine emergency in the wellbeing division because of the way that for each 150 kids beneath the age of eight years, one of them is a casualty of this issue (Uta, 1991).Social government assistance historyIn this general pub lic, mentally unbalanced and families with medically introverted youngsters were at first confronted with three normal difficulties in particular absence of money related, passionate and instructive help. The groups of the youngsters who are survivors of medically introverted confusion were gone up against by colossal budgetary just as passionate weights they additionally get little help as to the instruction of these children.The families have consequently to persevere through a noteworthy money related weight comparative with the families with upstanding kids. This emerges from the prerequisite of chopping down the calendars of work or a whole stopping of the activity because of the necessity of the obligation of thinking about these kids (Charles, 1992).Further more, there is a high possibility that the groups of the kids with ASD are inclined to postponed or even unattended social insurance necessities of their kids. They are presented to inadequacies and snags as to the entranc e of the clinical consideration required by their children.According to Anthony, no distinction was noted with respect too the entrance to common consideration, a medical attendant or an individual supplier in ordinary conditions. Anyway on the crisis of a unique issue for mentally unbalanced kids families, the essential contact point becomes distant and the entrance to referrals is denied (Anthony, 1998).These families are hence exposed to especially tremendous just as upsetting enthusiastic circumstances and money related requests. To confuse the issue, dominant part of the protection firms are resolved with regards to the inclusion of the requests of a medically introverted child.This is a direct result of their impression of the circumstance similar to a type of formative issue as opposed to a malady. It in this manner applies that the guardians of these kids are required to pay a lot of cash from their pocket to get to the administrations of occupation treatment and the languag e instruction for their children.The training of the mentally unbalanced kids is additionally confronted with a milliard of issues in light of the fact that the schools are prepared to offer a half day meeting for these kids. In this manner most of the guardians of mentally unbalanced kids select that they remain at home through and through (Simon, 1995).The history of this issue goes back to around 1911 in Swiss. ‘Early juvenile autism’ was later begat in 1943 with the a lot milder Asperger condition coming a lot later. These are the clutters that were put under the depiction of the five inescapable kinds of formative issue which are at present named as the chemical imbalance range issue, i.e., ASD (Judy and Sean, 1993).

Discuss With Reference To Edwin Chadwick History Essay

Talk about With Reference To Edwin Chadwick History Essay Subordinate whereupon recorded field of study one has worked inside, the picture of Edwin Chadwick has, in previous historiography, been to some degree spellbound. Inside the setting of the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act, we are given an understanding into the underhanded Edwin, the antagonist of poor-help. His part in the formation of a hindrance framework that engaged upon indoor help inside the feared workhouse as its center, made him disliked contemporaneously, and verifiably. Be that as it may, on the flipside of this coin, as one may expect, is a picture of a man of ethical quality. This Chadwick, in contrast to his previous pretense, has been proclaimed by students of history as one the extraordinary figures and advocates of general wellbeing. His Sanitary Report (1842) was and is, viewed as the spearheading bit of reformist writing that touched off the fire of general wellbeing in England.â [2]â Here I have indicated the different sides of Edwin Chadwick. These two apparently separate substances have been broke down by historians. [3] Yet, it appears that as of not long ago, Chadwick inside the general wellbeing setting has maintained a strategic distance from the examination that the previous poor law related Chadwick has endured. This can be ascribed to an extraordinary degree to the early historiographical gratefulness (or rather a deficiency in that department) of the new poor law. This picture of the brutality and flippancy of the Amendment Act and the negative examination of the poor law post-1834 started with Beatrice and Sidney Webb. Their well known, and various, volumes on English neighborhood government have to a great extent been disparaged by current students of history as to some degree ahistorical. It is at times extremely simple to put upon a contemporaneous recorded setting current mentalities and goals. Early chronicled perspectives encompassing the new poor law experienced this contemporary joining. In a similar vein, the historiography of general wellbeing corresponding to Chadwick can be seen as teleological. In the event that not teleological, at that point it absolutely experienced an absence of addressing of Chadwicks general wellbeing beliefs, particularly those clarified in his Sanitary Report. The confinements of this historiography are being cured by a present yield of students of history, including Christopher Hamlin, Mary Poovey, and somewhat prior by Anthony Brundage. [4] The facade of the Sanitary Report is being cleaned away to uncover the intricacy of Chadwicks goals covered up inside the grain. Students of history, for example, Hamlin have stressed the political idea of Chadwicks Report. This new evaluation of the Chadwick of general wellbeing has limited the hole between the Chadwick of the poor law. There is only one Chadwick. This exposition will ideally discredit this duality of Chadwick, and underline the likenesses between Chadwicks mentalities inside a poor law setting and those inside the Sanitary Report. There are politically charged strings that connect his work inside the Royal Commission for the poor law, somewhere in the range of 1832 and 1834, to that of his 1842 Sanitary Report. Both the poor law and sanitation were parts of Chadwicks more extensive reformist vision for England, yet for Great Britain. [5] Chadwicks national image of social association and improvement through unified administering bodies, self-oversight, reconnaissance and order depended on the array of a mass of proof and data. Centralisation, order, and insights are the key strings to comprehension Chadwick the government official, on the off chance that he was such by any means. Indispensable to a comprehension of Chadwicks political influence is the impact of Jeremy Bentham and his Utilitarian principles. [6] This is a string that will go through and nearby different strings; it is absolutely a huge part of the governmental issues of Chadwick. A few antiquarians propose that Chadwick was a result of Benthamite principles.â [7]â In this manner, an investigation of Chadwick without the consideration of Jeremy Bentham would be an extensively lessened comprehension of Chadwicks legislative issues. The topics of Utilitarianism run all through crafted by Chadwick. His thoughts on the cosmetics of the English or even British state depend to a great extent upon the lessons of Bentham. [8] The Poor Law Commission inside Chadwicks origination of authoritative bodies was along fundamentally the same as lines to that of Benthams Indigence Relief Minister. Besides, the later General Board of Health for which Chadwick can be ascribed, was comparative from numerous points of view to the Minister of Health set by Bentham. It is absolutely certain that Benthams standards significantly affected Chadwicks thoughts of focal association and administration. [9] Historians, for example, John Roach and Anthony Brundage have ascribed this molding of Chadwicks psyche to Benthams Constitutional Code. This time of Chadwicks li fe, when living with Bentham, and helping him draft the Constitutional Code, is placed as one of the most noteworthy and persuasive periods in trim his political, social and basic standpoint. However, as Helen Benyon has recommended, after Benthams passing, his understudy can be believed to leave to some degree from his code. [10] This disparity can be seen all through Chadwicks profession. For instance, Bentham believed an illustrious commission to be an instrument of monarchical tyranny. [11] Yet as is all around archived, Chadwick was intensely engaged with such commissions, remembering his part for the Royal Commission on the poor law, for which he assumed a noteworthy job. He even headed the Royal Commission on processing plants, and assumed an empowering job in the commission that brought about the death of the Public Health Act in 1848. This disparity isn't really negative. In numerous regards, an illustrious commission was an in vogue apparatus of the Victorian time frame which incited change. Hence, we can see Chadwick as simply utilizing the political roads that existed to proclaim his own reformist beliefs. What's more, quite a bit of what Chadwick made out of these commissions, in authoritative and hierarchical terms was generally utilitarian. This subject of centralisation and will be point by point in the procedure area. One staying point can be seen in Chadwicks resistance to all inclusive political emancipation, something which Bentham surely upheld towards the suitability of majority rules system. This move from Benthamism is unquestionably huge for later investigation of Chadwicks origination of social association inside his Sanitary Report. This ought not take away from the broad impact that Benthams belief system had upon the later work of Chadwick. He was not a total result of Bentham, his own past and ideological cosmetics blended and intertwined with the inert Benthamite standards, the most noteworthy of which can be seen in Chadwicks entirely national image of change and improvement towards intercession, and assessment through centralisation. Following this line of reasoning, we move into a key region of Chadwicks philosophy. Centralisation was a noteworthy part of the Chadwick model of association. It has its starting points in Benthamism; of an extensively national and uniform arrangement of institutional organisation. [12] An significant factor in this is the Whig government from the 1832 Parliamentary Reform Act all through the 1830s. As Brundage has recommended this Whig government managed the most exceptional times of government development in British history. [13] Reforms in territories, for example, the processing plants, the poor laws, training and police, all included the development of focal government. There is an unequivocal Benthamite flavor to this reformism. What's more, this impact could be seen in the figure of Chadwick, yet in moderate places of intensity. However Chadwick is, for the motivations behind this paper the most huge person. His incorporating vision is positively along utilitarian lin es. This was Bourne out of a theoretical and reasonable meaning of paternalism which could be joined onto his model of unified government. In any case, the Whig governments thought of paternalism was along the more conventional lines of upkeep of the predominance of neighborhood government. The Whigs were available to government development, yet just to maintain and fortify this conventional fatherly hierarchy. [14] In this regard one can see Chadwicks dreams of focal association as maybe being shaped by his contemporaneous reality. Britain was progressively an agglomeration of districts, wards, and precedent-based law courts than a state. [15] For his incorporated vision to be acknowledged, he would need to make concessions. The structure of association and organization for which he accommodated poor people law is a prime case of such a concession. He made the focal body of the Poor Law Commission, the inspectorial and supervisorial master of uniform alleviation, while keep ing the nearby organs. Be that as it may, these nearby associations managed a lot bigger topographical areas than under the old poor law, amalgamating a few wards together. Alongside this model under the poor law, the prior Factory Act, or Althorps Act went in 1833 is most likely a progressively huge pointer of the focal impedance of Chadwick. It was the primary bit of enactment in Britain dependent on a significant request by specialists involving surmising by the focal government, directed by operators of focal government. [16] This concentrated and uniform state driven philosophy can even be distinguished inside Chadwicks Sanitary Report. His vision of a national system of channels, siphoning new water into the homes and flushing out waste gives an extremely striking picture of state uniformity. [17] Furthermore, for the order of such a huge scope task, he underscores the requirement for a halfway sorted out arrangement of skill and authority. In 1848 the General Board of Health was set up. One can recognize inside Chadwicks work an all-encompassing reformist vision. Inside both the poor law (for which Chadwick has been adversely assessed) and the making of general wellbeing (for which he is the benefactor holy person) one can identif

Mona Lisa Smile Review - Free Essay Example

Directed By Mike Newell Written By Lawrence Konner Mark Rosenthal Produced By Richard Barrata (co-producer) Elaine Goldsmith-Thomas (producer) Joe Roth (executive producer) Paul Schiff (producer) Deborah Schindler (producer) Original Music By Rachel Portman Cinematography By Anastas N. Michos Film Editing By Mick Audsley The Cast Julia Roberts as Katherine Ann Watson Marcia Gay Harden as Nancy Abbey Ginnifer Goodwin as Connie Baker Kirsten Dunst as Betty Warren Juliet Stevenson as Amanda Armstrong Julia Stiles as Joan Brandwyn Dominic West as Bill Dunbar Maggie Gyllenhaal as Giselle Levy Summary Of The Movie In Mona Lisa Smile, Julia Roberts leads an all-star cast of prominent young actresses including Kirsten Dunst, Julia Stiles, Maggie Gyllenhaal and newcomer Ginnifer Goodwin, in a story of women struggling to define themselves in a world that has already defined them. Katherine Watson (Roberts) travels from California to the New England campus of Wellesley College, in the fall of 1953, to teach art history. In the post-war era, Katherine expects that her students, the best and the brightest in the country, will take advantage of the opportunities presented to them. Soon after her arrival, however, Katherine discovers that the environment at the prestigious institution is steeped in conformity. According to their poise and elocution, teacher Nancy Abbey (Marcia Gay Harden), an engagement ring on a young womans finger is considered a bigger prize than a well-rounded education. When Katherine encourages her students to think independently, she runs afoul of the more conservative faculty and alumni, including one of her students, the upper crust Betty Warren (Dunst). The recently married, Betty becomes a formidable adversary when Katherine persuades her best friend, Joan Brandwyn (Stiles), to apply to Yale Law School even as Joan is awaiting a proposal of marriage from her boyfriend. For the smart and provocative Giselle Levy (Gyllenhaal), Katherine becomes a much-needed role model and mentor. The sweet and shy Connie Baker (Goodwin) also draws courage from Katherines example and gains the confidence to break through her insecurities. In a world that told them how to live, Katherine teaches them how to think for themselves. Through her students trials to find their own way, Katherine learns to chart a different course for herself as well. Review Of The Movie World War II had been the first time in history when women were told they could do a mans job. They took off their corsets and took over the factories. Then, after the war, they were re-corseted with clear roles as housewives who supported their husbands and raised their children. On the surface it all seemed fine, but underneath the seeds were planted for the next generation. Mona Lisa Smile is an exploration of a time and place, after the war, where rebellion and individuality were very much frowned upon, yet the seeds of change had already taken root. The protagonist of the motion picture, Katherine Watson (played by Julia Roberts), is shown to be one of the most brawny, independent and liberal thinkers of her time. Settled in a time frame, where marriage was the whole and soul purpose of the existence of a woman, Katherine is seen to break those bonds and live on her own terms. She, just like any another girl, was also engaged to marry at the age of 18. However, after Pearl Harbor, she and her fiance realized that both of them had changed for good and called it quits, after which, Katherine went to L. A for graduation, and turned out to be an art history professor. She embodied the best kind of spirit for a teacher, one that allows individuality and exploration of our personal strengths. Though her students at first, regard her a spinster for being over the age of 30 and unmarried, Katherine feels comfortable with her decision which some of the young women find intimidating and others, empowering. The daughter of a Wellesley alumna who is as involved in the college as she is in her daughters life, Betty, regards Katherines challenge to the status quo almost as a personal affront. In the very beginning of the movie we see Betty being just horrible and condescending to everyone around her. Later, in the movie, you come across her mother, a formidable and intimidating woman, and you see why Betty turned out that way. When Bettys illusions are shattered and her perfect marriage is threatened, however, her cold exterior quickly thaws. All her life has been shaped by her mother and she believes that once she gets married everything will be perfect. But she doesnt love her husband and neither does he love her. Its just a planned affair. She pretends to be happy and puts on a smile. Finally, you see her break down. Ultimately, its Katherine who gives her the courage to be herself and fight her personal vendetta. Thats essentially what the movie is about, being true to yourself and becoming the person you want to be. Bettys journey is her inner battle between image and truth. She fights Katherines lessons and her presence at first only because, if Katherine is right, then her life is a sham. While she hails from the same social background as Betty, her roommate and class valedictorian Joan Brandwyn has a completely different reaction to intellectual challenges presented by her art history teacher. Like the other girls at Wellesley she knows how to recite and regurgitate information. Shes a great student, but shes a textbook great student. Then Katherine comes along and tells her to think for herself and thats really seductive to Joan. She is about to be engaged, but with Katherines encouragement, she decides to apply to law school anyway. Joan is the woman, Katherine decides, who has the most potential for change, so she devotes her energies to making sure that Joan recognizes that she has a choice. Once Joan chooses, Katherine needs to learn to respect her choice. Giselle Levy is a sophisticated student who shocks her fellow students by having numerous affairs at a time when such behavior was considered scandalous. When Katherine comes to teach at Wellesley, Giselle is fascinated. She has been desperate for some kind of validation for her unorthodox feelings and here is Katherine who acknowledges her difference and says its okay. Giselles essential problem is not her behavior, but the judgment thats placed on it by her peers and society at large. Giselle is pretty in-your-face and she doesnt know why everybody is making such a big fuss that she sleeps with more than one man. All shes saying is that you should eat food if it tastes good, dance if you like the beat and have sex if you want to have sex. Now, some people might say Giselles broken or unhappy, or that shes overcompensating for something, but I tried not to judge her while watching the movie. Though she has many advantages in life, Connie is plagued by insecurities. She thinks she doesnt have beauty, or talent, or smarts. All shes got are these other girls, and that is so important to her that she allows herself to be their punching bag. Yet, Connie possesses strong attributes, like her appreciation for the possibilities of love as well as her talent at playing the cello. The cello is Connies form of expression, the only form of beauty shes ever been able to associate herself with. Through Katherine, Connie gains confidence and opens herself up, for the first time, to the possibility of romance. Suddenly love becomes an option for her and not just a dream. And that sort of power enables her to put herself first for once. Like the other girls, she undergoes a real change. Connie realizes she doesnt have to go out and become Joan of Arc in order to be important in her own life. Nancy Abbey teaches speech, elocution and poise at Wellesley. Nancy is trying very hard to be representative of what she thinks a woman should be, which is simply lovely. There is a gentleness and grace about her manners and its a shame weve lost that sense of poise. But Nancy also has a turbulent underbelly caused by the repression of the times. Its poignant that Nancy chooses to remain at home, a spinster, because societys judgment about her age makes her feel its too late for her to go out and risk something different. Mona Lisa Smile is a real mirror of the period and a tribute to the Wellesley women who were the pioneers in terms of going out and forging paths and shoving their way into businesses that didnt want them. They were the generation who went out into the world and made a change. Throughout the movie, Katherine tries her best to empower women around her and to break the bonds that bind these intellectuals. The movie follows the journey of change in every individual and talks about the struggle of the individual male or female. Everyone is looking to find their proper place in life, where they can serve the most and be at their best. The movie doesn’t tell us what to think or it doesn’t distinguish right from wrong; instead, it paints a depiction of both sides of the story and states you can do both have a career of your choice and get married albeit doing it a little unsubtle at times. One of the things you realize while watching the movie is the sensitivity depicted in it. By the end of the movie, you realize that success may not mean the same thing to other people as it does to you. For a few, having a family, being able to manage your household and having dinner ready by 5 is a huge success; while for others, success could mean turning out as lawyers, doctors, etc. We realize that as Catherine tenaciously went about her business making a difference in the lives of her students and the people around her, she made a difference in her own life just as well. Her journey as a teacher was a part of her formation. We cannot make a difference in the lives of others without impacting our own. There is an ongoing dialectic that propels us into action for others, but it undoubtedly is action for ourselves as well. It is only in the end of the movie, that we realize that Catherine herself lives in the confines of her own biases and disregards. That is what changes about her ultimately and she makes peace with the traditionalists around her and accepts that some women will always be happier in families rather than in themselves, but also paves the path for women who wanted so much more than a family. Throughout the movie you see brilliant 1950 based sets, cathedrals and brilliant locations. The cinematography of this movie is quite fine as its simplicity is its brilliance as is the background score. The original work of Rachel Portman is outstanding as the theme of Mona Lisa Smile is quite addictive. The cast, crew and director, according to me, have done a splendid job with this motion picture. Though this movie has been thoroughly criticized and been compared to the old movie, the deadly poets, I am still very much of the opinion that this movie is one of its kind. It is a movie that truly moved me and which made me appreciate the fact that I was born in the 21st century where every woman thinks of herself as an individual first and then as a daughter, mother, wife, etc.

Economic Growth Of A Global Village - 1114 Words

Economic growth of countries has always been a topic of research interest. Whether the country is developed, developing or least developed, economic researchers tried to find the reason behind economic growth or the lack of it. With many other factors contributing towards economic growth, international trade was also found beneficial for both trading countries according to Edwards (1993). Today, when the world is becoming a global village, the importance and benefits of international trade cannot be ignored. Many theoretical and empirical studies have been conducted relating export import and economic growth. Previously, the focus was mainly given to export and export led growth ignoring the case that import in many ways increases export. Afterwards, many economists brought import demand in the scenario and captured the whole picture and relationship between export, import and economic growth. Empirical studies found different results for different regions and countries of the world. Some accepted and some rejected the relationship. Similar to many other developing countries, Bangladesh also aims towards high and sustainable economic growth. To maintain that determinants of growth are identified and policies are made according to that. Starting extensive trade liberalization during early 90s was one step towards that which clearly shows the result in terms of faster growing economy. After the liberation, Bangladesh was following a protectionist approach in terms ofShow MoreRelatedIs Globalization a Good Thing? Discuss with Reference to Either Culture, Economics or Politics.1467 Words   |  6 Pagesintegration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world. 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Developing country refers to the countries which are economicaly and technologically undeveloped.South Africa stands as a semi-sephereRead MoreEssay about Cheap Labor1025 Words   |  5 PagesCheap Labor Economic growth has always been the greatest interest of the world. Any studies and researches are done to improve the economy of Third World Countries. Unemployment rate and underpaid cheap labor is a big problem that the most of the Third World Countries face today in our global village. Unemployment rate of a nation affects the affordable living of local people because they are not able to afford healthcare, education, and proper housing for their family. Being unable to affordRead MoreThe Great Divide Of The Global Village By Bruce R. Scott1465 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay, I will argue that the article â€Å"The Great Divide in the Global Village† by Bruce R. Scott provides more logical and factual evidence that helps under the complexity of national economic growth and development. Scott states a catching yet quick statement about how economical promises of the world, both domestic and foreign are misleading. He states â€Å"Mainstream economic thought promises that globalization will lead to a widespread improvement in average incomes.† However the evidence

We Must Reform Our Criminal Justice System Essay - 2372 Words

Hillary Clinton said, We can do better. We can not ignore the inequalities that persist in our justice system that undermine our most deeply held values of fairness and equality. She was correct in her statement, we need to reform our criminal justice system because it is highly lacking in fairness and equality. 2.38 million Americans are in prison, with another five million on probation or parole. 1 in 31 adults in the United States are in jail, prison, or on probation or parole. (Ferner) The populations of our prison are increasing, while trust in law enforcers is declining, and if we want to solve the inequalities we must reform parts of our criminal justice system. We should reform our criminal justice system to fix the inequalities of mandatory sentences, bail, and we should create reentry programs to help released inmates stay crime free. In the past years we have seen many riots and debates over the racism and inequalities in our criminal justice system. We have heard story after story, and watched video after video of police brutality and racism in America. We saw the unfair outcome of the Zimmerman and Treyvon Martin case. When George Zimmerman followed Treyvon Martin, a seventeen year old African American boy who was walking around the neighborhood, just because he looked suspicious to him. Even after notifying the police, Zimmerman followed Martin and ended up shooting him, after Zimmerman had hung up with the dispatcher who told him they did not need himShow MoreRelatedWe Must Reform Our Criminal Justice System Essay1903 Words   |  8 Pagessaid, We can do better. We cannot ignore the inequalities that persist in our justice system that undermine our most deeply held values of fairness and equality. 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The author posits that the implementation of juvenile justice is constantly swinging from one extreme to the other based, largely, on the public’s perceptionRead MoreEssay on The Mission of the Correctional System 1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe correctional system has three main goals: punish, protect the community and rehabilitate the offender. However, it is unclear how well the modern U.S correctional system achieves these goals and whether the money invested in the correctional system might be better spent. These are some of the points I will cover regarding what I think about the correctional system. Department of Corrections is an agency of the state that is responsible for the supervision and management of convicted felonsRead More2.3 Conclusion:. The Aim Of Criminal Law Is To Protect1463 Words   |  6 Pages2.3 Conclusion: The aim of criminal law is to protect the rights of the individuals and to safeguard the weak against the strong, law abiding against lawless and peaceful against violent. The state has prescribed certain rules of conduct, sanctions for their violations and machinery to enforce sanctions and procedure to protect that machinery. If men were angels no government would be necessary. Read More U.S. Criminal Justice System Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pages U.S. Criminal Justice System In order to keep a safe society, it is important to establish a nation with good education to teach people judging from right or wrong , excellent police force to keep our street safe, and most of all, a good criminal justice system to carry out the justice. United States is a place with little crimes, a nation with nice houses, beautiful beaches, and expensive shops without property just like what I seen in the American movies in my opinion before I arrivedRead MoreCrime in the United States1052 Words   |  5 Pagesthe entire world by far. For most of my life I have always believed that the American justice system worked. When people do wrong they need to be punished and pay for their crimes. That is what our justice system is here for so how could is possibly go wrong? Unfortunetly it is not as simple as it sounds and all it takes is a little research to discover why. Before researching the U.S. criminal justice system, I would never have considered the fact that the U.S. has the worst prison populationRead MoreA Report On The United States s Nationwide Prison Population748 Words   |  3 Pagesharsher punishments for non-violent crimes, resulting in more than  1.57 million  inmates being imprisoned in federal, state, and local prisons and jails at any given time. In addition, an estimated 12 million Americans cycle through the U.S judicial system for se ntences less than one year in length, raising the estimated overall imprisonment rate, at any given date, to 2.4 million. These inmates, in addition to those barred from voting due to past felony convictions, make up approximately 2.5 percent

I intend to examine how Shakespeare makes the prologue Essay Example For Students

I intend to examine how Shakespeare makes the prologue Essay In this essay I intend to examine how Shakespeare makes the prologue and Act 1 of Rome and Juliet exciting, dramatic and memorable for the audience and how he prepares us for the tragedy to come. Romeo and Juliet, set in Verona, tells the story of how two star crossd lovers life comes to an end after nothing but their deaths would put a stop to a long existing feud between their families. The play Rome and Juliet was written in 1595, inspired by a poem by Arthur Brook called The tragical story of Romeus and Juliet. This was written in 1562, one of the early origins of the play. Rome and Juliet is based around a mixture of love, hate, tragedy and disguise. Shakespeare added a few changes to the play such; Act 1 scene 1 was added, he invented the character of Mercutio who acts as a balance to Tybalt as they are on opposing sides of the two families. He also made the Nurse and Benvolio more important and shortened the time scale from 9 months to 5 days, faster pace is more exciting as it is more interesting for the audience. I think he made these changes to get people more interested and improve it for what he thought was best. Tragedy occurs as various points of the play, the most memorable bit being when both Rome and Juliet die, I thing this fits in well with the traditional idea of death in the play. Love also features in the play and links in with the tragedy as Rome and Juliets love for eachother ultimately leads to their deaths. Four main types of love are included in the play, courtly, true, sexual and dutiful. Rome and Juliets love for eachother is an example of true, where as Paris love for Juliet is courtly, rules that they were supposed to follow in marriage. Dutiful love is that where the marriage of two people is set up. True love is usually passionate and fast moving. Marriage was different then from how it is today, in their time girls married around the age or 13 or 14 and in most cases the ladys husband was picked by her parents. In play Capulets were reluctant to see this happen so quickly. She hath not seen the change of fourteen years. This is slightly true in our play and Juliet is reluctant to marry Paris but more than happy to marry Romeo, this is dramatic irony as the two were married the next day. The prologue is an introduction to the play which is meant to draw people in and make them find out more, similar to a blurb on a book. Shakespeare set it out as a sonnet, this is appropriate as sonnets nearly always include love and so does the play. The lines in the prologue all have 10 syllables. It is also set out chronologically to match the sequence of events in the play. Phrases included in the prologue which prepare us for the tragedy are; Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean which indicates that blood is shed which could refer to death. Another phrase is from fort the fatal loins of these two foes. This talks of the two families being enemies. Whose misadventurd piteous overthrows, a series of tragic accidents. This interests the audience into finding out what accidents happen. Lurhmann directs the play in a modern way; this could include contrast between the uses of language of then and now. He uses a news bulletin to begin to begin it, usually things which appear on the news are important, and it also introduces people to the play and the setting. The same thing is soon after repeated by Friar Lawrence with images included, these help us get an insight to the play and also the religious resemblance of it. Shakespeare’S Play ‘Romeo And Juliet’ Essay PaperThere are many key characters in the play of Romeo and Juliet. We first meet the characters of Sampson and Gregory who are not so important but give us an important insight towards the situation between the two families and how they feel about eachother. Another character in the play is the Nurse, she is very bawdy and is not afraid to speak her mind. She is affectionate towards Juliet and sees her as a replacement to her own daughter who died years ago. The character of Mercutio was invented by Shakespeare and acts as a balance to Tybalt. Mercutio is Romeos best friend and his personality is that of he is reliable of trustworthy. Benvolio is a more sensible character and is a sort of a peacemaker, I do but keep up the peace. Romeo and Juliet are the two main characters of the play and are described as two star crossd lovers in the prologue. Juliet comes across as a very mature character compared to some others, even though she is younger than them, she is naive and loyal It is an honour I dream not of. However she is only loyal until the point where she refuses to marry Paris and marries Romeo instead. Romeo is a very passionate character and his feelings show towards Juliet. To begin with we first hear about Romeo being described as sad. He appears obsessed with love and is deeply in love with Rosaline. However, he soon is over her after he meets Juliet at the party. Paris character is not a very important one, but he adds a bit of shock for the audience when he asks to marry Juliet, it is exciting for the audience to see if this will hinder Romeo and Juliets love for eachother. Friar Lawrence is an important character as he adds the religious resemblance to the play, he also supplies Juliet with the potion which consequently ends Romeo and Juliets lives. In Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet there are 2 main ways in which the language is used. The first of the two is blank verse; it is used by the higher class people such as Lord and Lady Capulet. The second one is prose, used by more lower class people such as the Nurse. Romeo also uses it in a different way at one stage of the play as he talks in oxymorons; this helps us to establish his sad mood and interests us into what has caused it. Another noticeable change is in the speeches of the play and also in the prologue, they usually come to the end with a rhyming couplet. Which with you if patient ears attend, what here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend. The man themes in Romeo and Juliet are a mixture of love, hate, betrayal, disguise and fate. The main example of love is between Romeo and Juliet and hate between the Capulet and Montague families. Betrayal is shown when Juliet refuses to marry Paris and ends up with Romeo. Disguise is shown at the party when Romeo and a few other Montagues go in masked disguise to the Capulet party. Shakespeare makes act 1 exciting by the use of a range of styles of language and devices. Some events are memorable for the audience because they have shocked them, such as Sampsons comment in the first scene. The heads of the maids or their maiden heads. The clear feud between the two families also helps us prepare for the tragedy. A faster pace is used during arguments and makes the characters words more aggressive and threatening. I feel the prologue and the first act sets up the whole play and in a way lays out the foundations for it. They are both exciting and intriguing for the audience, this makes them want to find about the rest of the play and you can see clear links back to prologue in various places of the play.

The Reconstruction Era and Its Effects free essay sample

The war, which was aimed at confronting the national dilemma of slavery, only led to subsequent problems over emancipation and an undefined condition of freedom. Some, who had naively assumed that ending slavery would resolve the problem Of racial inequality, overlooked the prejudice and unpleasant leaning towards blacks. Noons plan for reconstruction was aimed at reuniting southern states with the union and to strengthen the Republican Party in the South; which were his main supporters. One of the main purposes of Lincoln plan for Reconstruction was that all slaves be freed. In Lincoln Emancipation Proclamation, he stated that all slaves would be declared free in those states still in rebellion against the United States (Lincoln Emancipation Proclamation: January 1, 1863). However, this only pertained to those states which, after that date, came under the military control of the Union Army. It did not concern slaves in states such as Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri and parts of Virginia and Louisiana, that were already occupied by Northern troops. We will write a custom essay sample on The Reconstruction Era and Its Effects or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This illustrates Lincoln agenda to have as many African Americans as possible enlist in the Union Army. Under Lincoln plan, for a state to be permitted back in the union, voters had to take an oath of loyalty. If 10% of voters took the oath, statehood would be re-established. Fonder comments that Lincoln did not recognize emancipation as a social revolution or believe that Reconstruction would bring about social ND political changes outside of abolishing of slavery (36).Lincoln main objective was political and although he is given credit for freeing the slaves, African Americans earned and fought for this right during the Civil War. President Lincoln was assassinated in April 1 865 for what was a direct correlation to his freeing of slaves. President Lincoln was a very smart man in that he knew by freeing the slaves, it would further his cause to get the nation under his control. Andrew Johnson succeeded Lincoln for the Presidency after Lincoln unfortunate assassination.Joy moons continued Lincoln moderate policies after Lincoln assassination, but ratification in the South of the Black Codes and demand in the North for stricter legislation, resulted in victories for Radical Republicans in the congressional elections of 1 866 (Senate and Mattson 1 10-111). The Black Codes were a new form of slavery that forced restrictions on freed slaves such as barring their right to vote, forbidding them to sit on juries, limiting their right to testify against whites, carrying weapons in public and working in certain jobs. President Johnson vetoed numerous bills in reference to equality for freed slaves.These bills included he Freedmans Bureau and Civil Rights which he vetoed in April 1866 (Fonder 247-251). Radical Republicans appro ved the Civil Rights Bill after Johnnys veto and were also able to get the Reconstruction Acts passed in 1 867 and 1868. Despite these acts, control over Southern state governments was steadily restored when organizations such as the UK Klux Klan were able to terrify blacks from voting in elections (Senate and Mattson 122). Once Lincoln was out of the way, Radicals believed they could shape Johnnys policy. When he disregarded their input they attempted to impeach him in 1968 but failed by one vote.Not condoning President Johnnys actions but attempting to remove Secretary of War and replaced him someone else was grounds for impeachment. Deeper reasons for his impeachment would be that Johnson was working out in hopes of rectifying the Reconstruction effort and you cant simply assassinate two Presidents in a row. Radicals such as Ben Butler even endeavored to make a connection between Johnson and the murder of Lincoln (Bowers 164). The 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments had been added to the Constitution by the end of 1870 and resulted in the promises of abolishing slavery made by Lincoln in Emancipation Pr oclamation. In his 2nd Inaugural address, Lincoln advocated that the Civil War was Gods punishment of a nation having human beings kept in bondage (Abraham Lincoln Second Inaugural Address: March 4, 1865). Just for a slight moment was Lincoln goal realized before the acts of then President Johnson attempted to strip away Lincoln foundation for freedom. Before Lincoln was assassinated he managed to get the thirteenth amendment passed in House after it failed to do so in 1864. This was important for Lincoln with elections coming up and he knew that if this wasnt eased his chances of reelection would be doubtful.The thirteenth amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude and was the first grant of civil rights given to African Americans (thirteenth Amendment: January 31, 1865). The 14th Amendment was passed into law and protects the rights against state infringements, defines citizenship, prohibits States from interfering with privileges and immunities, requires due process and equal prote ction, punishes states for denying vote, and disqualifies Confederate officials and debts (Fourteenth Amendment: June 16, 1866).For the first time the word equal was established into the Constitution. As a result of the Civil Rights Bill and the Fourteenth Amendment, permitted African Americans the power to make their own labor contracts and commence lawsuits, and delegated upon the federal government the power to protect equal rights and citizenship to all its citizens. The 1 5th Amendment was added to the Constitution which forbids states from refusing citizens the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude (Fifteenth Amendment: December 7, 1968).These three bills that were deed to the Bill of Rights and laid the groundwork for equality were African Americans would be treated fairly and equally in society; something that simply didnt occur during Reconstruction. Beginning in 1 867, Congress passed Reconstruction Acts that permitted Black males who had been slaves the right to vote and hold public office. Johnson vetoed the Reconstruction bill when it reached his desk on March 2, 1867, but Congress was swiftly overrode his veto and passed it into law (Bowers 155). John W.Meaner was elected to the House of Representatives from Louisiana UT was barred from assuming his seat in Congress by white members. Meaner made history by becoming the first Black American to ever address Congress while defending his claim for the seated he rightfully deserved (Dray 70). Joseph Haynes Rained was the first Black seated member in the House of Representatives. Rained a native of South Carolina, momentarily owned a slave and served in the Confederate Army (Dray 55). Hiram Revels became the nations first Black senator in 1870 by represented Mississippi in the U. S. Senate.He was a minister and newly appointed senator that like Meaner, had o fight for his seat in Congress (Dray 70). Revels was admired for his overestimated skills and he used those skills to fight efforts to keep Washington D. C. Schools segregated and to assist black workers from being barred from working in the Washington D. C. Navy yard. Radical Republicans such as Senator Charles Sumner of Massacre guests and Congressman Thatched Stevens of Pennsylvania fought for bills that would help the freed slaves assimilate into the American society and achieve equal rights with their white citizens (Dray 53).Stevens was largely known for his role in engineering he impeachment of President Johnson. These capitol mens thirty-one years of occupancy in Congress came to a halt on March 4, 1 901 , when both houses of North Carolina legislation passed resolutions denied blacks the right to vote (Dray 351 As soon as the Union Army withdrew its troops from the South, life and liberty were at risk for African Americans.Southern states werent intimidated by the Fifteenth Amendment which gave African Americans the right to vote and led by Mississippi and South Carolina conceived ways to stop their citizenship and voting rights (Senate and Mattson 126). There were three static integrated to eradicate African American voters from the polls; criminal convictions, poll taxes and literacy tests. Although these devices were absurd, if someone has committed a criminal offense, then they dont deserve the right to vote.Of course this law still applies today to criminals but when you look at the times these devices were put into place and the racist people who judge these men, you have to wonder i f some had committed any crimes at all. The main issue with this tactic is that whites that had committed the same crimes were permitted the right to vote which goes directly against the Fifteenth Amendment. The poll taxes was a very clever idea in that if you African Americans wanted to vote, they had to pay the tax nine months earlier and keep the receipt when they came to the polls. If a person lost their receipt they couldnt vote and were turned away. This tactic was the most unjust out of the three; why the Southern states would chose a timeshare Of nine months in advance to pay the poll tax but who is going to be able to keep a receipt in excellent condition let alone still have possession after nine months. The last ploy used was that a potential voter had to exhibit that he could read ND understand sections of the state constitution (Senate and Mattson 126-127). This makes sense because if someone sins familiar with the state constitution they are voting on, then why are they voting.The problem with this is that the registrar was the only judge which left room for discrimination. All southern states had passed laws to keep African Americans from voting. These laws were renowned as the Grandfather Clauses and resulted in whites who may had lost the right to vote, the right to vote. These Grandfather Clauses enforced a law passed in Louisiana that prevented African Americans from voting. The law stated that No male person who was on January 1st, 1867 or at any date prior thereto, entitled to vote And no son or grandson of any such person Hall be denied the right to register or vote (Senate and Mattson 127). Now this one was over the top because African Americans werent given the right to vote until after March 2, 1867. With this in mind, the law is biased to practically every African American in the state. The government sat back and allow this to occur, knowing that the Southern states are deceptive is one thing button put it into law is another. In conclusion, if President Lincoln wasnt assassinated, most of these horrendous acts may have been avoided in African Americans struggle to oppose inequality.